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xr-2209 ...the analog plus company tm voltage-controlled oscillator rev. 2.02 1975 exar corporation, 48720 kato road, fremont, ca 94538 (510) 688-7000 fax (510) 688-7017 1 june 19973 features excellent temperature stability (20ppm/ c) linear frequency sweep wide sweep range (1000:1 minimum) wide supply voltage range (+ 4v to + 13v) low supply sensitivity (0.1% /v) wide frequency range (0.01hz to 1mhz) simultaneous triangle and squarewave outputs applications voltage and current-to-frequency conversion stable phase-locked loop waveform generation triangle, sawtooth, pulse, squarewave fm and sweep generation general description the xr-2209 is a monolithic voltage-controlled oscillator (vco) integrated circuit featuring excellent frequency stability and a wide tuning range. the circuit provides simultaneous triangle and squarewave outputs over a frequency range of 0.01hz to 1mhz. it is ideally suited for fm, fsk, and sweep or tone generation, as well as for phase-locked loop applications. the oscillator of the xr-2209 has a typical drift specification of 20ppm/ c. the oscillator frequency can be linearly swept over a 1000:1 range with an external control voltage. ordering information part no. package operating temperature range xr-2209cn 8 lead 300 mil cdip 0 to +70 c xr-2209m 8 lead 300 mil cdip -55 c to +125 c xr-2209cp 8 lead 300 mil pdip 0 c to +70 c block diagram square wave out triangle wave out two swo a1 a2 bias 5 7 8 vco 2 3 1 v cc timing capacitor c1 c2 4 timing r resistor 6 v ee figure 1. xr-2209 block diagram
xr-2209 2 rev. 2.02 pin configuration two swo v ee bias 8 lead pdip, cdip (0.300o) 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 v cc c1 c2 tr pin description pin # symbol type description 1 v cc positive power supply. 2 c1 i timing capacitor input. 3 c2 i timing capacitor input. 4 tr i timing resistor. 5 bias i bias input for single supply operation. 6 v ee negative power supply. 7 swo o square wave output signal. 8 two o triangle wave output signal.
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 3 dc electrical characteristics test conditions: test circuit of figure 3 and figure 4 , v cc = 12v , t a = +25 c , c = 5000pf , r = 20k , r l = 4.7k , s 1 and s 2 closed unless otherwise specified xr-2209m xr-2209c parameters min. typ. max. min. typ. max. units conditions general characteristics supply voltage single supply split supplies 8 4 26 13 8 4 26 13 v v see figure 3 figure 4 supply current single supply 5 7 5 8 ma figure 3 measured at pin 1, s 1 , s 2 open split supplies positive negative 5 4 7 6 5 4 8 7 ma ma figure 4 measured at pin 1, s 1 , s 2 open measured at pin 4, s 1 , s 2 open oscillator section - frequency characteristics upper frequency limit 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 mhz c = 500pf, r = 2k lowest practical frequency 0.01 0.01 hz c = 50 f, r = 2m frequency accuracy 1 3 1 5 % of f o frequency stability temperature power supply 20 0.15 50 30 0.15 ppm/ c %/v 0 c < t a < 70 c sweep range 1000: 1 3000:1 1000: 1 f h /f l r = 1.5 k for f h r = 2m for f l sweep linearity 10:1 sweep 1000:1 sweep 1 5 2 1.5 5 % % f h = 10khz, f l = 1khz f h = 100khz, f l = 100hz fm distortion 0.1 0.1 % + 10% fm deviation recommended range of timing resistor 1.5 2000 1.5 2000 k see characteristic curves impedance at timing pins 75 75 measured at pin 4 output characteristics triangle output amplitude impedance dc level linearity 4 6 10 +100 0.1 4 6 10 +100 0.1 vpp mv % measured at pin 8 referenced to pin 6 from 10% to 90% of swing squarewave output amplitude saturation voltage rise time fall time 11 12 0.2 200 20 0.4 11 12 0.2 200 20 0.4 vpp v nsec nsec measured at pin 7, s 2 closed referenced to pin 6 c l 10pf, r l = 4.7k c l 10pf notes bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range. specifications are subject to change without notice
xr-2209 4 rev. 2.02 absolute maximum ratings power supply 26v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . power dissipation (package limitation) ceramic package 750mw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . derate above +25 c 10mw/ c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plastic package 600mw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . derate above +25 c 8mw/ c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . soic package 300mw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . derate above +25 c 4mw/ c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . storage temperature range - 65 c to +150 c . . . . . . . 2r 1 v cc q13 q14 q15 r q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 r2 q6 q7 r r1 q8 2 q12 3 q9 q19 timing capacitor r q10 q11 r3 r4 r 2r triangle wave 8 output q27 square wave 7 output 4r q20 r6 r5 r7 q21 4 bias 5 q22 q24 q23 q25 q26 figure 2. equivalent schematic diagram 6 v ee timing resistor
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 5 precautions the following precautions should be observed when operating the xr-2209 family of integrated circuits: 1. pulling excessive current from the timing terminals will adversely affect the temperature stability of the circuit. to minimize this disturbance, it is recommended that the total current drawn from pin 4 be limited to 6ma. in addition, permanent damage to the device may occur if the total timing current exceeds 10ma. 2. terminals 2, 3, and 4 have very low internal impedance and should, therefore, be protected from accidental shorting to ground or the supply voltage. system description the xr-2209 functional blocks are shown in the block diagram given in figure 1. they are a voltage controlled oscillator (vco), and two buffer amplifiers for triangle and squarewave outputs. figure 2 is a simplified xr-2209 schematic diagram that shows the circuit in greater detail. the vco is a modified emitter-coupled current controlled multivibrator. its oscillation is inversely proportional to the value of the timing capacitor connected to pins 2 and 3, and directly proportional to the total timing current i t . this current is determined by the resistor that is connected from the timing terminals (pin 4) to ground. the triangle output buffer has a low impedance output (10 typ.) while the squarewave is an open-collector type. an external bias input allows the xr-2209 to be used in either single or split supply applications. r l square wave output v cc triangle wave s2 c v cc 1 f i + tr 4 v ee 6 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 c2 3 c1 2 1 xr-2209 s1 r output 1 f i- 5.1k 5.1k figure 3. test circuit for single supply operation v cc v cc
xr-2209 6 rev. 2.02 r l square wave output triangle wave s2 c 1 f i+ r 6 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 c2 3 c1 2 1 xr-2209 s1 tr output 1 f i- 10k d1 1 f figure 4. test circuit for split supply operation v cc v cc v cc v ee v ee v ee 4 operating considerations supply voltage (pins 1 and 6) the xr-2209 is designed to operate over a power supply range of 4v to 13v for split supplies, or 8v to 26v for single supplies. figure 5 shows the permissible supply voltage for operation with unequal split supply voltages. figure 6 and figure 7 show supply current versus supply voltage. performance is optimum for 6v split supply, or 12v single supply operation. at higher supply voltages, the frequency sweep range is reduced. ground (pin 6) for split supply operation, this pin serves as circuit ground. for single supply operation, pin 6 should be ac grounded through a 1 f bypass capacitor. during split supply operation, a ground current of 2 i t flows out of this terminal, where i t is the total timing current. bias for single supply (pin 5) for single supply operation, pin 5 should be externally biased to a potential between v cc /3 and v cc /2v (see figure 3. ) the bias current at pin 5 is nominally 5% of the total oscillation timing current, i t . bypass capacitors the recommended value for bypass capacitors is 1 f although larger values are required for very low frequency operation. timing resistor (pin 4) the timing resistor determines the total timing current, i t , available to charge the timing capacitor. values for the timing resistor can range from 2k to 2m ; however, for optimum temperature and power supply stability, recommended values are 4k to 200k (see figure 8 , figure 9 , figure 10 and figure 11. ) to avoid parasitic pick up, timing resistor leads should be kept as short as possible.
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 7 timing capacitor (pins 2 and 3) the oscillator frequency is inversely proportional to the timing capacitor, c. the minimum capacitance value is limited by stray capacitances and the maximum value by physical size and leakage current considerations. recommended values range from 100pf to 100 f. the capacitor should be non-polarized. typical operating range -10 -15 -20 -5 negative supply (v) figure 5. operating range for unequal split supply voltages ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 +4 +6 +8 +10 +12 +14 r t =parallel combination 8 101214 16182022242628 single supply voltage (v) t a =25 c of activated timing resistors 25 20 15 10 5 0 figure 6. positive supply current, i+ (measured at pin 1) vs. supply voltage r t =2k w r t =3k w r t =5k w r t =20k w r t =200k w r t =2m w positive supply positive supply current (ma)
xr-2209 8 rev. 2.02 ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? 15 10 5 0 0 6 8 10 12 14 split supply voltage (v) 1m w 10k w 1k w 0+ 4v 08 + 8v + 12v 16 24 split supply voltage (v) single supply voltage (v) ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m timing resistance ( w ) v s = 6v c = 5000pf figure 7. negative supply current, i- (measured at pin 6) vs. supply voltage figure 8. recommended timing resistor value vs. power supply voltage figure 9. frequency accuracy vs. timing resistance t a = 25 c 100k w 7 + 16v 32 timing resistor range frequency error (%) total timing resistor rt negative supply current (ma) t a = 25 c
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 9 1.04 1.02 1.00 .98 .96 .94 .92 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 r t = 2m w r t = 20k w r t = 200k w r t = 2k w t a = 25 c r t = total c = 5000pf single supply voltage (v) timing resistance split supply voltage (v) v s = 6v c = 5000pf 2k w 4k w 20k w 200k w 200k w 2m w 20k w 4k w r = 2k w 2m w -50 -25 0 +25 +50 +75 +100 +125 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3 temperature ( c) figure 10. frequency drift vs. supply voltage figure 11. normalized frequency drift with temperature normalized frequency drift normalized frequency drift (%) squarewave output (pin 7) the squarewave output at pin 7 is an aopen-collectoro stage capable of sinking up to 20ma of load current. r l serves as a pull-up load resistor for this output. recommended values for r l range from 1k to 100k . triangle output (pin 8) the output at pin 8 is a triangle wave with a peak swing of approximately one-half of the total supply voltage. pin 8 has a 10 output impedance and is internally protected against short circuits.
xr-2209 10 rev. 2.02 modes of operation split supply operation figure 12 is the recommended configuration for split supply operation. diode d 1 in the figure assures that the triangle output swing at pin 8 is symmetrical about ground. the circuit operates with supply voltages ranging from 4v to 13v. minimum drift occurs with 6v supplies. for operation with unequal supply voltages, see figure 5. with the generalized circuit of figure 12 , the frequency of operation is determined by the timing capacitor, c, and the timing resistor. the squarewave output is obtained at pin 7 and has a peak-to-peak voltage swing equal to the supply voltages. this output is an aopen-collectoro type and requires an external pull-up load resistor (nominally 5k ) to the positive supply. the triangle waveform obtained at pin 8 is centered about ground and has a peak amplitude of v cc /2. r l square wave output triangle wave c 1 f tr 4 6 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 c2 3 c1 2 1 xr-2209 r output 1 f 10k d1 1 f figure 12. split-supply operation, recommended configuration v cc v cc v ee v cc v ee v ee
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 11 figure 13 is a simplified configuration for operation with split supplies in excess of + 7v. this circuit eliminates the diode d1 used in figure 12 by grounding pin 5 directly; however, the triangle wave output now has a +0.6v dc offset with respect to ground. r l square wave output triangle wave c 1 f tr 46 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 c2 3 c1 2 1 xr-2209 r output figure 13. split-supply operation, simplified configuration v cc v cc v cc v ee v ee v ee 1 f
xr-2209 12 rev. 2.02 r l square wave output triangle wave c 1 f tr 46 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 c2 3 c1 2 1 xr-2209 r output 1 f 5.1k 5.1k figure 14. single supply operation v cc v cc v cc v cc v ee single supply operation the circuit should be interconnected as shown in figure 14 for single supply operation. pin 6 should be grounded, and pin 5 biased from v cc through a resistive divider to a value of bias voltage between v cc /3 and v cc /2. the frequency of operation is determined by the timing capacitor c and the timing resistor r, and is equal to 1/rc. the squarewave output is obtained at pin 7 and has a peak-to-peak voltage swing equal to the supply voltage. this output is an aopen-collectoro type and requires an external pull-up load resistor (nominally 5k ) to v+. the triangle waveform obtained at pin 8 is centered about a voltage level v o where: v o v b 0.6v where v b is the bias voltage at pin 5. the peak-to-peak output swing of triangle wave is approximately equal to v cc /2. frequency control (sweep and fm) - split supply the circuit given in figure 15 shows a frequency sweep method for split supply operation. the frequency of operation is controlled by varying the total timing current, i t , drawn from the activated timing pin 4. the timing current can be modulated by applying a control voltage, v c , to the timing pin through a series resistor r. as the control voltage becomes more negative, both the total timing current, i t , and the oscillation frequency increase. the frequency of operation, is now proportional to the control voltage, v c , and determined as: f 1 rc 1 v c r r c v ee hz
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 13 if r = 2m , r c = 2k , c = 5000pf, then a 1000:1 frequency sweep would result for a negative sweep voltage v c v ee . the voltage to frequency conversion gain, k, is controlled by the series resistance rc and can be expressed as: k f v c - 1 r c cv ee hz v the circuit of figure 15 can operate both with positive and negative values of control voltage. however, for positive values of v c with small (r c /r) ratio, the direction of the timing current i t is reversed and the oscillations will stop. frequency control (sweep and fm) - single supply the circuit given in figure 16 shows the frequency sweep method for single supply operation. here, the oscillation frequency is given as: f 1 rc 1 r r c 1 v c v t where v t = vpin4 ~ vbias + 0.7v. this equation is valid from v c = 0v where r c is in parallel with r and i t is maximum to: v c v t 1 r c r where i t = 0 and oscillation ceases. caution: total timing current i t must be less than 6ma over the frequency control range. v cc r l square wave output v cc triangle wave c v cc 1 f 4 6 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 tc2 3 tc1 2 1 xr-2209 r r c v c + v c i t i c i o output 1 f v c - sweep or fm voltage figure 15. frequency sweep operation, split supply v ee v ee v ee t4
xr-2209 14 rev. 2.02 v cc v c - r l square wave output triangle wave c 1 f 46 bias 5 two 8 swo 7 c2 3 c1 2 1 xr-2209 r r c v c + v c output 5.1k 3.9k 1 f vbias figure 16. frequency sweep operation, single supply v cc v cc v ee v ee t4 sweep or fm voltage
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 15 8 lead plastic dual-in-line (300 mil pdip) rev. 1.00 8 1 5 4 d a 1 e 1 e a l seating plane symbol min max min max inches a 0.145 0.210 3.68 5.33 a 1 0.015 0.070 0.38 1.78 a 2 0.015 0.195 2.92 4.95 b 0.014 0.024 0.36 0.56 b 1 0.030 0.070 0.76 1.78 c 0.008 0.014 0.20 0.38 d 0.348 0.430 8.84 10.92 e 0.300 0.325 7.62 8.26 e 1 0.240 0.280 6.10 7.11 e 0.100 bsc 2.54 bsc e a 0.300 bsc 7.62 bsc e b 0.310 0.430 7.87 10.92 l 0.115 0.160 2.92 4.06 a 0 15 0 15 millimeters a 2 a e b c eb 1 b note: the control dimension is the inch column e a
xr-2209 16 rev. 2.02 a 0.100 0.200 2.54 5.08 a 1 0.015 0.060 0.38 1.52 b 0.014 0.026 0.36 0.66 b 1 0.045 0.065 1.14 1.65 c 0.008 0.018 0.20 0.46 d 0.305 0.405 7.75 10.29 e 1 0.250 0.310 6.35 7.87 e 0.300 bsc 7.62 bsc e 0.100 bsc 2.54 bsc l 0.125 0.200 3.18 5.08 a 0 15 0 15 d b e b 1 8 lead ceramic dual-in-line (300 mil cdip) rev. 1.00 symbol min max min max inches millimeters 8 14 5 l a 1 a c seating plane base plane e 1 a e note: the control dimension is the inch column
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 17 notes
xr-2209 18 rev. 2.02 notes
xr-2209 rev. 2.02 19 notes
xr-2209 20 rev. 2.02 notice exar corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to im- prove design, performance or reliability. exar corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits de- scribed herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. charts and schedules contained herein are only for illustration purposes and may vary depending upon a user's specific application. while the information in this publication has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies. exar corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure or malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly affect its safety or effectiveness. products are not authorized for use in such applications unless exar corporation receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of exar corporation is adequately protected under the circum- stances. copyright 1975 exar corporation datasheet june1997 reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of exar corporation is prohibited.

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